Leadership Team
Adam Hollowell
Adam Hollowell serves as Senior Research Associate at the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity and Director of the Inequality Studies Minor at Duke University. He is also the Faculty Director of the Benjamin N. Duke Memorial Scholarship Program and Director of the Global Inequality Research Initiative. An award-winning educator, he teaches ethics and inequality studies across multiple departments at Duke University, including the Kenan Institute for Ethics, the Program in Education, the Department of History, and the Sanford School of Public Policy. He is the co-author, with Jamie McGhee, of You Mean It or You Donât: James Baldwinâs Radical Challenge (Broadleaf Books, 2022).
David M. Malone
David Maloneâs work focuses on educational psychology, applications of cognitive science to teaching and learning, literacy, student-centered approaches to instruction, experiential and service learning, and learning disabilities.
Gwendolyn Wright
Gwen Wright is the senior administrator and research scientist for the Cook Center. She oversees the development and implementation of programs and projects in support of the strategic vision and goals of the Center.
Keisha L. Bentley-Edwards
Dr. Keisha Bentley-Edwards is the Associate Director of Research and Director of the Health Equity Working Group for the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity and an Associate Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, at Duke University. She holds several leadership positions within Dukeâs Clinical and Translational Science Institute, and faculty affiliations with Dukeâs Global Health and Cancer Institutes.
Dr. Bentley-Edwardsâ research focuses on how racism, gender, and culture influence development throughout the lifespan, especially for African Americans. Her research emphasizes cultural strengths and eliminating structural barriers to support healthy development in communities, families, and schools. Dr. Bentley-Edwards has published and lectured extensively on the use of racial socialization and racial cohesion strategies to facilitate positive outcomes in Black adolescents, as well as how teacher perceptions and school resources can influence disciplinary practices and classroom management. As head of the Cook Centerâs Health Equity Working Group, Dr. Bentley-Edwards leads a mixed method study investigating the relationships between religion and spirituality and cardiovascular disease risk factors for African Americans. She is dedicated to healthy birth and pregnancy outcomes, and reproductive health in general. Dr Bentley-Edwards is committed to eliminating racism and its effects on equitable outcomes in health systems, schools, and society. Her research has been supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, IBM, and the National Institutes of Health. Dr. Bentley-Edwards regularly shares her expertise on the role of structural racism and bias on health, education and social outcomes with families, policymakers, practitioners, and the media.
Kristen R. Stephens
Kristen Stephens is interested in legal and policy issues with regard to gifted education at the federal, state, and local levels. Her research has also focused on how teachers assess creative student products to inform future instruction.
William A. Darity, Jr. (âSandyâ)
William A. (âSandyâ) Darity Jr. is the Samuel DuBois Cook Professor of Public Policy, African and African American Studies, Economics, and Business at Duke University. Darityâs research focuses on inequality by race, class and ethnicity, stratification economics, schooling and the racial achievement gap. He was a fellow at the Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences (2011-2012) at Stanford, a fellow at the National Humanities Center (1989-90) and a visiting scholar at the Federal Reserveâs Board of Governors (1984). He received the Samuel Z. Westerfield Award in 2012 from the National Economic Association, the organizationâs highest honor, and has published or edited 12 books and published more than 210 articles in professional journals.
Research and Administrative Staff
Erica Phillips
Erica R. Phillips is the Educational Equity and Policy Specialist at the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity. She serves on the Educational Policy working group, focusing on K-12 students. Erica is a research associate for a federal grant studying the benefits and inequities of gifted programming. She has an M.A. in Educational Equity, Policy, and Reform from Duke University and B.A. in Elementary Education with a specialization in Spanish Language and Literature from The University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill.
Erica comes to The Cook Center with previous experience as a public school teacher. Working in both Durham Public Schools and Chapel Hill Carrboro City Schools, Erica believes in developing the whole child, balancing culturally-responsive teaching methods with maintaining high academic expectations. Her educational passions align with removing barriers for all people to reach their fullest potential, through community organizing and policy changes.
JoAnn OâNeal
JoAnn OâNeal is the Financial Analyst II/Business Manager for the Cook Center. She also serves as the Grant Manager and is responsible for pre and post award administration of grants and contracts for the Center.
Kennedy Ruff
Kennedy Ruff graduated from Guilford College in 2022 with a B.A in Psychology and a minor in Biology. During high school, Kennedy was a part of the first cohort for the Hank & Billye Suber Aaron Young Scholars Summer Research Institute and now oversees the program. In addition to coordinating the Young Scholars Summer Research Institute, Kennedy is a research associate to Dr. Keisha Bentley Edwards with her research in health equity.
Lucas Hubbard
Lucas Hubbard writes stories, articles, and press releases to help illuminate and broadcast the Cook Centerâs research, in addition to helping edit reports produced by the Center. He obtained a B.S. in economics from Duke University with a minor in creative writing. Prior to joining the Cook Center, Lucas was the Clay Felker Staff Writer at Duke Magazine.
Rachel Ruff
Rachel Ruff works to disseminate research findings and current events to media materials for the Cook center past, current, and ongoing projects. Additionally, she works with the Inequality Studies minor and the Hank and Billye Suber Aaron Young Scholars Research Institute. She graduated from Fayetteville State University with her BA in Political Science and a minor in Creative & Professional Writing.
Her research interests span across Political Science, History, Public Policy, and Education Policy, with a keen focus on higher education, civic engagement, and social equity. She is particularly interested in exploring political behavior, the dynamics of the American political system, and the impact of public opinion on legislative processes. Additionally, she is interested in how these concepts shape an understanding of the current state of Black American Politics.
Shahrazad Shareef
Shahrazad Shareef is a critical theorist and a historian who investigates the global expansion of capitalism in the modern era. She earned a BA in Economics from Duke University in 2006, as well as a Ph.D. in comparative literature and an Interdisciplinary Certificate in European Studies in 2021. Her dissertation was entitled: âFrom Crisis to Restoration: Technical Intellectuals and the Politics of Italy’s Post-war Developmentâ. Her primary research interests include: historical capitalism and cycles of accumulation; theories of surplus value; economic development; Marxist theoretical approaches to historical analysis; the rise of Italian fascism; and philosophy and the development of workerâs consciousness. She is currently working on a book that studies the transformation of the world market through successive cycles of systemic accumulation (British and US-led). In her role at the Cook Center, Shahrazad is building the intellectual identity of the minor in inequality studies and expanding enrollment. Originally from Brooklyn, NY, she looks forward to a day when everyone is free.
Tori Cook
Tori Cook is an Associate in Research with the Samuel Dubois Cook Center on Social Equity. She received her B.A. in Sociology from the University of North Carolina at Wilmington and her Master’s in Social Work (MSW) from the University of Kentucky. Tori completed her practicum placements with the Justice Policy Institute (JPI) Â and the North Carolina Chapter of the National Association of Social Workers (NC-NASW). Prior to joining the Cook Center, she was a Research Assistant with the University of Kentucky and a Reentry Case Manager with LINC, Inc., working with individuals returning from incarceration. Her passion lies in the relationship between social research and advocacy, specifically exploring how gendered racism across systems and its policies contributes to racial disparities and inequities in the criminal justice legal system. She plans to pursue her PhD in Sociology, specializing in Crime and Social Control.
Vontonya Borden
Vontonya Borden is the Associate in Research-Administrative Assistant for the Cook Center. She has worked in several administrative and program support roles â most recently as a staff specialist. She will oversee and perform facility operations for the Cook Center.
Postdoctoral Scholars and Associates
Aten Zaandam
Aten is a management scholar whose research examines how adverse life experiences and perceptions of morality influence the strategic decision-making of top executives. Before joining Duke, he served as a research fellow for the Babson College Center for Entrepreneurship, where he examined how Black healthcare entrepreneurs overcome systematic marginalization. He also worked as a researcher at the Defense Equal Opportunity Institute where he sought to determine how conscious and unconscious racial biases decreased military preparedness.
Ayinwi Muma
Ayinwi Muma is currently a Ph.D. candidate at Stanford University. Her research examines the impact of regulatory policy changes on entrepreneurial activity across various socially-constructed identity groups, e.g., race and gender.
Her dissertation explores three central questions: First, in ânormal timesâ how do young, relatively unknown entrepreneurial firms introduce novel technologies into established organizational contexts? Second, what happened to investments in early-stage entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic? Third, how did the June 2022 overturn of Roe v. Wade affect subsequent entrepreneurial activity across states in the U.S., and what are the implications for entrepreneurship and labor force participation among women?
Ayinwi holds a B.A. in English & Comparative Literature from Columbia University, an M.B.A. in Strategic Management from Georgia Institute of Technology, and (will soon hold!) a Ph.D. in Management Science & Engineering from Stanford University in Summer 2023.
Elizabeth Degefe
Pak Hung Lam
Pak Hung is an applied economist whose research interests center on development, education, environmental, and health economics. He is particularly interested in critical issues related to population health, economic development in Africa and Asia, and global environmental health and justice issues. Prior to joining Duke, he earned his Ph.D. in Social Science from the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) and served as a Visiting Ph.D. student at the Yale School of Public Health. His website can be found here.
Quran Karriem
Quran is an experimental musician, media artist and theorist working primarily with electronic and algorithmic media. His research is concerned with human improvisation and automated decision, particularly insofar as they reproduce sovereign power and racial hierarchy through semi-autonomous knowledge systems. His work examines the power relations and ideologies that inhere in the design of digital systems, processes and interfaces, and is motivated by a concern with the operative and recursive nature of computational, racialized capital in postmodern sociotechnical assemblages.
A multiple award-winning software designer and former product executive, Quran has led development teams for a number of media and technology companies and applies a decade of direct experience with systems design, data management and organizational structure in the context of âstart-up cultureâ to social critique. His product initiatives have been recognized by such global research and trade bodies as Gartner Research, the Groupe SpĂ©ciale Mobile Association (GSMA), the Software and Information Industry Association (SIIA) and Frost & Sullivan.
Sungmee Kim
Sungmee is an applied microeconomist specializing in education and health policy for K-12 students and young adults in the United States and South Korea. With a focus on closing the gap between diverse groups, Sungmee conducts quantitative research to integrate educational and health outcomes to inform policy decisions.
Her recent work provides a comprehensive analysis of gender differences in remote learning during the COVID-19 pandemic, highlighting trends and potential mechanisms behind disparities in academic performance throughout the period of school closures and the subsequent return to in-person learning. Her ongoing research includes examining the impact of the ACA Medicaid expansion on closing the âcoverage gapâ for low-income young adults and investigating how variations in primary learning modalities during the pandemic influenced trends in child maltreatment allegations and foster care placements.
Sungmee holds a Ph.D. in Economics from Georgia State University, where she worked as a graduate research assistant at the Metro Atlanta Policy Lab for Education (MAPLE) of the Georgia Policy Labs.
Wenran Fan
Wenran is an applied economist with research interest focus on environmental policy and environmental justice. Her research aims to use survey data to explore the potential discrepancies in recreational benefits among different socioeconomic groups. She is currently a PhD candidate in economics at Iowa State University, received her Masterâs degree from Boston University and her Bachelorâs degree from Nanjing University.
Will Damron
Will is a postdoctoral associate at the Cook Center. His research focuses on the economic history of the American South. Prior to joining the Cook Center, he completed a PhD in economics at Yale University and a BS at Davidson College.
Xiongfei Li
Xiongfei Li recently received a Ph.D. in Economics from the University of Southern California. His research focuses on the intersection between inequality and the labor market, especially in the context of China. He has conducted research on topics including gender inequalities, educational return and inequality, and environmental policy biases. Prior to USC, he received a masterâs degree from the University of Wisconsin-Madison, and a bachelorâs degree from Nankai University. He will join the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity at Duke University as a postdoctoral associate in August 2023.
Doctoral Scholars
Arko Dasgupta
Arko Dasgupta is a PhD candidate in history at Carnegie Mellon University and an Associate in Research in the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity. His research interests include empire, race, Modern India, early Indian immigration in the United States, and the Civil Rights Movement. He is currently working on his dissertation titled The Colour of Anticolonialism: Locating Antiracism in the Indian Freedom Struggle, 1893-1964. He is a Prafulla C Mukerji Fellow and a Kedia-Tayur Fellow in South Asian American History at Carnegie Mellon University. He has an MPhil in International Studies from Jamia Millia Islamia, an MA in Conflict Analysis & Peace Building from Jamia Millia Islamia, and a BA in Economics, Political Science, Sociology from St Joseph’s College, Bangalore. Access Arko’s website here: arkodasgupta.com
Faculty Affiliates
Solomon Hughes
Dr. Solomon Hughes is an instructor and faculty affiliate at the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity. He completed his Ph.D. in Higher Education Research and Policy Studies at the University of Georgiaâs Institute of Higher Education, and both his M.A. and B.A. at the University of California at Berkeley. His teaching and research focus broadly on college athletics, academic achievement, race, collegiate athletics policy, and activism.
Research Assistants and Fellows
Brittany Reaves
I am a JD/MA in History dual degree student at North Carolina Central University. My research has been centered around constitutional law, civil rights, and African American history. As a teaching assistant of Dr. Jim Harper II, I was able to participate in the History of Inequality course by adding a legal perspective to the content, assisting with lectures, and giving constructive feedback to undergraduate students on their work products.
Catherine Kiplagat
Catherine is a freshman majoring in Chemistry hoping to pursue biotech research and is a student-athlete on the track and field team. Catherine participated in the Young Scholars program prior to Duke and researched the effects of black representation on predominately black cities and how mental health impacts recidivism rates in black inmates.
Imari Smith
A recent graduate of the University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health with a Master of Public Health in Health Behavior, Imari Smith currently works as an Associate in Research for the Cook Centerâs Health Equity Working Group. She obtained a Bachelor of Arts from Duke University in womenâs studies with a minor in chemistry, and was the first in the history of the Womenâs Studies department (now Gender, Sexuality, and Feminist Studies) to graduate with Highest Distinction for her honors thesis titled Black Femininity through the White Speculum. Through her work with the Cook Center, Imari continues her studies of the intersections of gender, race, class, and health inequities.
Olanrewaju “Lanre” Adisa
Olanrewaju “Lanre” Adisa is a graduate student in the Duke University School of Medicine and a member of the Health Equity Working Group with the Cook Center.
Qirui Ju
Qirui Ju is a Master of Arts in Economics graduate from Duke University. He is passionate about conducting quantitative research on policy-related questions, including inequality, labor, technology, and health. Qirui aims to promote progress in society through his research. Prior to Duke, he graduated with the highest distinction from the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Qirui will serve as a research associate at the Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity.
Runling Wu
Runling is currently helping Dr. Ali with his collaborators on disproportionate impact of COVID-19 on different racial communities. Her research interests include intergenerational mobility, early childhood education and broad impacts of social inequality.
Soumya Mathew
Soumya is a first year Master of Public Policy (MPP) student at Sanford School of Public Policy. She has three years of research experience in the development sector. Currently, she is assisting Prof Raffi E. GarcĂa with his research on automation and pay transparency.
Xin Lin
Xin is a research assistant working with Dr. Raffi GarcĂa on a project investigating the game theory of self-reporting race in small business loan applications. They are also researching gender and racial inequality in Paycheck Protection Program (PPP).
Visiting Faculty
Raffi E. GarcĂa
Prof. Raffi E. GarcĂa is an Assistant Professor of Finance in the Lally School of Management at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. His research interests are in financial economics, empirical industrial organization, and gender and personnel economics. His research focuses on measuring and understanding the effects of regulations and unexpected events or shocks on a firm and individual behavior, strategy, and performance. Prof. GarcĂa received his Ph.D. in International Economics and Finance from Brandeis University in 2018. He also holds a masterâs degree in Economics from Vanderbilt University and a bachelorâs degree in Economics from Boston College. Prof. Garcia is currently a visiting professor at The Samuel DuBois Cook Center on Social Equity at Duke University.
